How to pronounce the words ending with '-ed' suffixes

Most of you might be very much aware of the Tenses in English. The verbs mainly have 3 forms: present, past, and past participle. We often call them V1, V2, V3.

The verbs can be again classified into two: regular verbs and irregular verbs.

The past simple and past participle of all regular verbs end in '-ed'

For example:

Base Verb (V1): print

Past Simple (V2): printed

Past Participle(V3): printed

In addition, many adjectives are made from the past participle and so end in -ed. 

For example, I like painted furniture.

We pronounce -ed in 3 ways:  /id/     /t/     /d/

Look at the table below to understand the pronunciation of -ed:

If the base verb ends with one of these sounds		Example base verb	Example with –ed	Pronounce the -ed
Unvoiced	/t/	Want	Wanted	/id/
Voiced	/d/	End	Ended
	/p/	Hope	Hoped
	/f/	Laugh	Laughed
Unvoiced	/s/	Tax	Taxed	/t/
	/S/	Wish	Wished
	/tS/	Match	Matched
	/k/	Like	Liked
Voiced	All other sounds	Play Allow Beg	Played Allowed Begged	/d/

(on mobile screens: slide the table from right-left/left-right)

Please note that it is the sound that is important, not the letter or spelling. 

For example, 'fax' ends in the letter 'x' but the sound is /s/, 'like' ends in the letter 'e' but the sound is /k/.

Exceptions:

The following adjectives ending in -ed are always pronounced with /id/:

• aged
• blessed
• crooked
• dogged
• learned
• naked
• ragged
• wicked
• wretched

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